REFORM MOVEMENTS

1.  Democracy and voluntary associations

	Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America

2.  Religious underpinnings of reform in Second Great Awakening

	a.  origins at Cane Ridge, Kentucky (1801)

	b.  Burned Over District

	c.  characteristics of Second Great Awakening

		(1) emotion

		(2) less emphasis on doctrine

		(3) possibility of human perfection

	d.  implications for reform

		millennium

		perfectionism

3.  Temperance movement

	a.  “the alcoholic republic”

	b.  “moral suasion”

	c.  prohibition

4.  Extending perfectability

	a.  Sylvester Graham

		alcohol, food, sex

		Chastity

	b.  John Humphrey Noyes

		perfection: Feb. 20, 1834

		“complex marriage”

		Oneida Colony

		“stirpiculture”